Vince Dooley, college football coaching great, cared deeply about Civil War battle sites. Two grants in his name will help save 303 acres at Resaca in NW Georgia

Coach Vince Dooley (Picket photo) and scenes of acquired land (ABT and Blue and Gray Education Society)

College football coaching great Vince Dooley’s passion for history will live on through the issuing of the first two battlefield preservation grants in his name. They will help safeguard key portions of the May 1864 Resaca battlefield in Northwest Georgia.

The Georgia Department of Natural Resources said $945,000 in Dooley matching grants will be given to the American Battlefield Trust for the preservation of 303 acres.

The battlefield is on both sides of Interstate 75 in Gordon and Whitfield counties. A portion lies in the state’s Resaca Battlefield Historic Site.

The grants account for about one half of the $1.9 million purchase price for parcels held by two property owners. The ABT closed on the properties and now owns the land. It will be seeking grants from the National Park Service’s American Battlefield Protection Program to cover the cost of the other half, spokesperson Jared Herr said.

The 303 acres are shown in yellow and orange; click to see details on military units (American Battlefield Trust)

“From his time on the gridiron to his decade on our Board of Trustees, Vince Dooley brought passion and tenacity to everything he did,” said David Duncan, president of the American Battlefield Trust. “This fund is the perfect way to honor Coach Dooley’s legacy. This addition to the Resaca battlefield is the beginning of an exciting new chapter in an incredible preservation story in Georgia.”

The former University of Georgia coach and athletic director died at age 90 in 2022. The Georgia General Assembly subsequently created the fund and Gov. Brian Kemp signed the measure last year.

The three-day battle at Resaca, while inconclusive, was a major clash during Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign. The newly acquired property was in the middle of the fight. Robert Jenkins, head of the nonprofit Save the Dalton Battlefields, said some Confederate trenches survive, though some were lost to timber cutting.

Vince Dooley and Charlie Crawford at Potato Hill in Whitfield County in 2014 (GBA)

The ABT worked with his group, the Georgia Battlefields Association and the Friends of Resaca Battlefield on the project.

“There are plans to interpret that land, as well, with trails and historic markers, but that will take some more time,” Jenkins told the Picket this week.

The acquisition is a victory for local residents and preservationists, who fought a proposed truck logistics center in Gordon County, in part arguing it would negatively affect Resaca battle sites. The county commission voted last year to deny the required rezoning.

His celebrity brought attention to Civil War

Dooley brought celebrity and a real passion for history when he toured and backed preservation of battlefields or attended meetings of the Atlanta Civil War Roundtable.

Historian, author and tour leader Ed Bearss (left) with Dooley on a tour (GBA)

After his passing, Dooley was remembered, of course, for his sports accomplishments: college football’s National Championship in 1980 and six Southeastern Conference titles, among others. But he immersed himself in other interests, including gardening, political science and history. The Marine Corps veteran was a philanthropist and mentor. He earned a masters in history.

“The Civil War probably is the most critical time in our history. It defined who we are,” Dooley told me in 2010. He later went on to edit  a book about a Georgia officer.

The Mobile, Ala., native had an ancestor who fought for the Confederacy. Pvt. George Stanter (the surname shared by Dooley’s mother) served with the 24th Alabama Infantry. Dooley was a fan of Patrick Cleburne, the Irish-born Confederate general who was “ahead of his time” in pressing for African-Americans to fight for the South. The idea was squashed until late in the war.

His fame had an effect when a tour group would arrive at a historic site or eat at a restaurant, the GBA’s Charlie Crawford said in 2022.

“Every waiter or waitress would drop by his table even if they were not responsible for that table. Docents at museums or park staff would come by to shake his hand or ask to have a photo taken with him, and he was always very accommodating,” Crawford said.

The retired coach never lost his love for studying history by visiting battlefields.

Dooley’s popularity and legacy led to the creation of the state battlefield preservation fund. It will be funded by annual appropriations by the General Assembly, public and private grants, gifts and monies from other sources.

Deal followed collapse of distribution center

The region around Resaca is rife with Civil War sites, and the ABT and preservation groups have been working for years to save battlefield parcels -- big or small.

“We don’t always explain the method by which we discover potential properties for acquisition, since there’s considerable variation in the process,” said Crawford, president emeritus of the GBA. “Sometimes, that involves a long pursuit of a property that has long been known to contain earthworks. Other times, it’s serendipitous, as when tree removal alerts us that a property has been purchased by a developer.”

The ABT, in a news release, said development threats to the 303 acres have loomed large (at left, Bob Jenkins photo).

“The land was subject to an industrial rezoning effort in early 2025. While that attempt failed, the properties remained vulnerable until they were acquired by the Trust. The acreage adds to the more than 1,000 acres previously saved by the Trust on the battlefield,” the group said.

Jenkins, with Save the Dalton Battlefields, told the Picket one of the parcels is near the state historic site.

Camp Creek runs through part of the properties.

The 303 acres will connect the eastern and western portions of the Resaca battlefield with the northern portion.

The ABT bought the land from property owners that had an interest in selling acreage for the proposed distribution center or access to it. Preservation groups and area residents opposed the idea, saying it would add to traffic and infrastructure problems in Gordon County, Jenkins said. "It would destroy core battlefield property by developing and altering that hallowed land forever.”

After the rezoning fell through, the groups and ABT asked the owners to sell the land at fair market price. That occurred in 2025.

The ABT says since 1997 it has worked with local partners to save more than 2,400 acres -- valued at more than $10.2 million -- across eight Georgia battlefields. 

Groups will soon focus on interpreting ground

Because the Dooley fund and the ABT are covering the entire purchase, the network of smaller preservation groups can now focus their spending on infrastructure, such as a road or trail system. (Above, ABT photo of one parcel)

Jenkins, who is executive director of the Blue and Gray Education Society, said he wants to focus now on interpreting the battleground for historians, park rangers and the public.

The top parcel witnessed attacks by elements of Howard's and Hooker's Federal corps on May 14, 1864. Hooker's XX Corps attacked the next day. Confederate forces counteattacked during the battle but the fighting ended in a stalemate. Joseph E. Johnston ordered his men in gray to withdraw. (Hooker in photo).

Jenkina, an attorney, called Dooley a “great, great man.”

He recalled a GBA bus tour years ago in which he and Dooley took part. The coach asked Jenkins to sit with him. “I thought, 'What an honor.' He wanted to pick my brain about a book project.”

The historian said the coach would be proud of the Vince Dooley Battlefield Trust Fund Program.

“This is quite a legacy.”

Burial scheduled: Third Union soldier discovered in Second Manassas surgeon's limb pit will be interred will full military honors at Arlington on Nov. 4

At far right, the graves of two Federal soldiers buried at Arlington in 2018 (Picket photo)

An unknown Civil War soldier whose remains were found in a surgeon’s limb pit at the Second Manassas battlefield will be buried with full military honors Nov. 4 at Arlington National Cemetery, officials announced Monday.

The closed funeral will include an escort for the teen soldier who died in August 1862 at the Virginia battlefield. The remains of two other soldiers found in the pit were buried at Arlington in 2018.

“On Nov. 4, Arlington National Cemetery will honor this Union soldier with the solemn dignity, care and respect earned through his service to our nation,” said Karen Durham-Aguilera, executive director of Army National Military Cemeteries and the Office of Army Cemeteries, in an Arlington news release. “Although the identity of this soldier is unknown, his sacrifice has not been forgotten. His reinterment affirms our enduring obligation to ensure that every service member receives an honorable final resting place.”

The National Park Service in August announced the March 2024 discovery of the young man, saying he was apparently buried in a New York infantry jacket.

The limb pit was discovered in 2014 during excavations associated with water pipe maintenance at Manassas National Battlefield Park. Two bodies and seven (possibly eight) amputated limbs were removed in 2015. The burial occurred near the site of a field hospital.

The entire pit was not excavated at the time, apparently because of time and funding limitations. While archaeologists believed there were more partial remains, they did not expect a whole set to be found when they returned in 2024.

Archaeologists found six brass New York State Excelsior coat buttons and seven brass cuff buttons with the soldier, who may have been a teenager. (NPS photo, above)

NPS documents studied by the Picket indicate the excavation yielded four new surgically amputated limbs and the body of the soldier. “Found in direct association with this soldier's interment was a rubber pocket comb,” the agency said.

The Army has requested the comb for the burial. (Photo above, National Park Service)

Monday’s announcement said honors will include a casket team, firing party, bugle, folding of and presentation of the flag, a marching element, military band and caisson. An Army Arlington Lady will accept the flag on behalf of the unknown soldier’s family.

The boy soldier will be buried in Section 81, near the other two soldiers, who were laid to rest in September 2018.

Officials did not disclose who will be present at the November funeral ceremonies, saying services will be closed.

National Park Service archaeologists with human remains at Manassas in March 2024 (NPS)

An alligator was the mascot of the steamboat Sultana, which caught fire, killing hundreds of Civil War soldiers. A new museum in Marion, Ark., is confident kids will sink their teeth into the story of the beast and one lucky passenger

Alligator curious made for or by soldier William Lugenbeal, plush gators in the museum gift shop

Kids coming to the revamped Sultana Disaster Museum in Marion, Ark., are sure to be awed by a giant mockup of the doomed steamboat. Beyond that, a lot of stories are geared to get their attention, including the Sultana’s legendary alligator.

One of the most remembered survivors of the April 1865 maritime tragedy was Union Pvt. William Lugenbeal, who fatally injured the Sultana's pet alligator and floated to safety in its sturdy wooden crate.

The museum has two canes from Lugenbeal, one pipe, one napkin ring, and a curio box -- all decorated with the image of an alligator and inscribed to the man who was "saved by a alligator." 

Museum executive director Jeff Kollath purchased a taxidermied alligator, which will be in a crate near the bow of the Sultana mockup. A display case will include the Lugenbeal artifacts.

A small portion of the large mockup of the steamboat (Sultana Disaster Museum)

Workers are rushing to complete exhibits before the Nov. 14 grand opening in Marion, west of Memphis, Tenn.

“I could not put a percentage of how much the final design was with kids in mind. Our museum will have elements that appeal to all ages,” said John Fogleman, president of the Sultana Historical Preservation Society.

Still, the museum gift shop has many items that will appeal to the younger set, including alligator plush toys.

Gene Salecker, a Sultana author, artifacts collector and a member of the nonprofit that is building the museum, recently drove from Illinois to Marion to reassemble his 14-foot model of the steamboat. He took it apart when the first Sultana museum closed earlier this year in preparation for the new site.

Whereas that model was the centerpiece of the venue’s tiny former location a couple blocks, the star of the new museum – in a former high school gymnasium – will be the large mockup of the Sultana.

“I am thinking that the school groups will find the main exhibit area the most exciting. Actually being able to walk unto the ‘deck’ of the Sultana will be a thrill to them,” Salecker said in an email to the Picket.

Marion – across the Mississippi River from Memphis, Tenn. -- is near where the Sultana caught fire and exploded in late April 1865, killing about 1,200 people, including hundreds of Union soldiers who had just been released from Confederate prisons and were heading home.

A small room (left) at the new site represents Cahaba prison. "You can see the crude bunk beds that were built in one section of the prison building," said the Sultana researcher.

The tragedy was largely forgotten because it occurred shortly after President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated and a hunt ensued for the killers.

With only a few artifacts directly associated with the Sultana, the presentation will need to be heavy on stories, and there is no shortage. Visitors will learn about passengers, rescuers, overcrowding, greed, graft and much more.

“I really liked the fact that they had dozens and dozens of quotes (above) along the walls, quotes from people on board the Sultana as well as quotes from rescuers,” said Salecker.

“They had the entire list of names of all of the people that were on board the Sultana during her April 24-27, 1865, trip, and in one section, they have a panel with small, three-inch tall figures representing all of the 2,124 people that were on board the Sultana.Then, a little ways down, there is another panel but this one has many, many gaps in it. This panel represents only the 960 survivors. The two panels give you a wonderful idea of how costly the disaster was.”

The large Sultana model will feature mockups of two engine boilers, one of which shows damage from the explosion (above). "The sides of the boiler were curled back and the tubes within the boiler were all twisted and torn. It really gives you a good idea of what an exploded boiler looked like," Salecker said of the mockup. 

With them will be the engine from the sidewheel steamboat LeRoy. It sank in the Apalachicola River in the Florida Panhandle in November 1840. (Photos by Gene Salecker)

At the rear of the Sultana mockup is a mural painted to show the stern. “You are looking out over the stern railing and the sounding yawl (small rowboat used for checking the depth of the river during low water.),” added Salecker.

Actual pieces from the boat – furnace bricks, shaker plates and a few other items – are expected to be displayed in the main deck area, he said. Reunion ribbons, flags, newsletters and other items from the original Sultana Survivors’ Association also will be in the new location.

The museum will also tell the story of a race between the Sultana and two other steamboats in 1863, a couple years before the disaster. They started in New Orleans and the competition ended in Cairo, Ill. While the Sultana did not win, it was believed to be a swift boat if it had a capable captain and crew.

Officials hope the larger venue will boost learning and tourism in the area.

Two coasters in gift ship include alligator themes (Sultana Disaster Museum)

Mary Haizlip, principal architect at Haizlip Studio, which is leading the exhibits effort, said the museum already has made an impact by being a community gathering spot during the latter phases of construction.

“The museum will help bridge tourism between Marion, western Arkansas and Memphis,” she told the Picket. “The story is told through interactive exhibits, immersive experiences and little bit of magic that unfolds to draw visitors in and spark learning and excitement about history.”

Marion is getting the word out about a big four-day celebration around the opening.

Soldier descendants attending their 38^th annual reunion in Marion will wear a yellow ribbon similar to those worn by survivors of the disaster.

Sultana Association of Descendants and Friends member Doug Schneider is producing a medallion showing an historic photograph of the Sultana and the exterior of the new site. 

Cutaway showing main saloon, Texas cabin, engine room and the pilot house (Gene Salecker)

Previous Sultana coverage:

• Documentary, events mark 150th anniversary

• Will victim's journal and Bible become part of collection?

• Descendants drop flowers in memory of the lost
• Model captures every detail of Sultana• Disaster took lives of those who had endured so much

• Siblings recall learning of disaster

On hold: Work on the Wallis House at Kennesaw Mountain is on the back burner. Site of Howard HQ and field hospital won't be repaired, open any time soon

The side and front of the closed Wallis house in 2024 (Picket photos) and Union Maj, Gen. O.O. Howard

For a time a couple years ago, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park was formulating a report that was to guide decision-making on the future of  the Josiah Wallis house, which briefly served as the temporary headquarters of Union Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard and a field hospital for both sides in June 1864.

The park had hopes of repairing and providing access to the house, with the goal of interpreting Federal strategy at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain.

But the project is now on hold -- another setback in a long effort to save the house, give it permanent protection and have it help tell the story of the Atlanta Campaign,

“There are no active plans or established timelines for additional work or interpretive development currently,” Superintendent Patrick Gamman said in an email reply to a Civil War Picket inquiry.

Thousands of cars travel past the house each day (Civil War Picket photo)

“While the park continues to recognize the site's historical significance and interpretive potential, competing priorities and available resources have contributed to the project's current status,” Gamman added. “Work associated with the Wallis House is not moving forward at present.”

The superintendent had no further comment. "Any future developments will be shared publicly through the park's normal communication channels."

Key to the project was the completion of a Historic Structure Report (HSR), which was supposed to be completed in spring 2025 and used as a launching point on recommendations for use of the house and a nearby hill that served as a Federal signal station.

The report appears to be unfinished, given it does not appear on a National Park Service database. Once reports are put online, the public can weigh in on recommendations.

Even with a report, there is no guarantee property upgrades will be done. Officials have to consider the cost of the project, its risks (concerns about vandalism) and rewards (enhanced interpretation).

The two marked park parcels at left, features of the Wallis house at right (NPS, click to enlarge)

Rising near the circa 1853 home is Harriston Hill, which was a perfect spot for the signal station because of its sweeping view of the valley leading to the Confederate lines atop Kennesaw Mountain.

Major improvements on both NPS parcels could run into the millions of dollars. One feature now in place is a parking lot at the entrance of a subdivision allowing access to Signal Hill.

Charlie Crawford, president emeritus of the Georgia Battlefields Association, said the latest development is “not a surprise.

“(The) house needs work before it can be opened to tourists. ADA compliance, HVAC upgrade, etc. I'd characterize it as indefinite hold.”

The dwelling has been vacant for more than two decades.

Georgia Tech student created model, drawings of house

The Wallis House survives, though it is in fairly rough condition. The public is not allowed on the small NPS parcel in Cobb County, Ga. The home and Signal Hill are separated by the subdivision, which is just off a busy road.

In 2024, a master of architecture candidate at Georgia Tech in Atlanta used LiDar (remote sensing technology) and a drone to create a model of the Wallis House. He produced drawings for use in the HSR.

“Any time you have a chance to get to know a building is exciting, to understand it’s story a little more,” Danielle Willkens, an associate professor of architecture at Georgia Tech, said at the time. “You are on hallowed ground and that is palpable. There is another level of responsibility attached to the site.”

Willkens and student Thomas Bordeaux worked with the park’s first archaeologist, who said the goal was to have the two-bedroom residence available to park visitors at some point, after repairs and upgrades.

The site includes the home, original well and remains of two chicken coops and a smokehouse. Postwar additions included a kitchen, laundry room, bathroom and back porch. An earlier NPS report suggested removing modern features.

A 1953 Wallis house marker along busy Burnt Hickory Road (Picket photo)

There was excitement at the time and rangers were incorporating interpretive information in their talks. But the archaeologist left the park a year ago and there has been no news of further work.

Willkens told the Picket last week said she did not “have any updated work to share.”

It took years to protect and transfer site to park service

The Georgia Tech survey and a November 2021 NPS cultural landscape report on the Wallis farm and Signal Hill appeared to bring new energy to the site, which has largely been out of the headlines in recent years.

The Wallis house was in “imminent danger” of being demolished, according to an NPS official who provided a statement to Congress in June 2010 in support of enlarging the park to include the sites. A developer had purchased 27 acres, including Harriston Hill and the Wallis homestead, in 2002, according to the official. 

Crawford, with the Georgia Battlefields Association, recalls arguing against a rezoning for much of Signal Hill. “Although the Wallis house parcel was not part of the rezoning application, I said that the house and Signal Hill were both parts of a whole, both contributing to the site’s significant history.”

Working with the Cobb Land Trust, the Cobb County government acquired seven acres from the developer, including the farm and hill. About 43 homes are in the subdivision (left).

The land was donated to the federal park years later, in 2019, after Congress finally permitted expansion of the boundaries. The Covid crisis slowed action in 2020.

“I certainly agree this has been a long struggle,” Crawford told the Picket in a 2024 email.

The house is off-limits, but could that change one day?

Today, the setting is hardly bucolic. Cars whizz by on two busy highways – Burnt Hickory Road and Ernest W. Barrett Parkway – and the subdivision separates the Wallis house and Signal Hill. The park has no trespassing signs around the house, which is largely obscured by trees and vegetation. It allows no visitors to the property, citing safety and security concerns. Walking along Burnt Hickory is not recommended.

In 2024, the Wallis House was considered relatively structurally sound, thought it would need a lot of work.

(Civil War Picket photo)

The cultural landscape report detailed ways to interpret the sites. At Signal Hill, some of the trees could be thinned so that visitors could get a view of Big and Little Kennesaw mountains. A trail to the entrenchments, which need to be stabilized, and other features could be built, along with interpretive markers. The Wallis farm could feature an outdoor education area, parking, restroom and signs.

The clash at Kennesaw Mountain was a costly, but brief setback during the Federal advance on Atlanta. Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, commander of Union forces, was at the Wallis house during the Battle of Kolb’s Farm to the south.

Park and local officials hope the home can eventually tell several stories, possibly featuring an exhibit on the role of African-American soldiers and civilians during the Civil War.

“General Howard is an important historical figure because of his successful leadership on the battlefield and his post-Civil War support of former slaves as head of the Freedmen's Bureau and founder of Howard University,” says the NPS.

Watkins Banks wore this red jacket while in a Georgia militia unit. The excitement of impending war faded to gray, and he was one of three brothers killed in battle

Georgia Pvt. Watkins Banks' red jacket, his name written on interior lining (Courtesy Columbus Museum) and an ambrotype of him, at left, with first cousin Willis Butt, who also served (Courtesy John Sheftall)

Dashing young men from high society filled the ranks of volunteer militia companies across the South in the decades leading to the Civil War. They dressed smartly in stylish uniforms, rubbed elbows at social events and trained for whatever military purpose they could fulfill for their states.

The Columbus Guards in the west Georgia city by that name were considered among the best-drilled in the region. They formed in 1835 and provided more men for Confederate service than any other militia unit in the city. Its members, many from slaveholding families, participated in more than 30 battles as part of the Army of Northern Virginia. 

A Columbus Guards ”Red Jacket” worn by Watkins Banks at the beginning of the war is the only such jacket known to still exist. I admit to never tiring of gazing at it whenever I stop by the Columbus Museum on Wynnton Road, not far from where Banks grew up.

The bright red jacket features insignia, brass buttons and, as I noticed last week, small faux epaulets.

Banks was one of seven brothers who fought for the Confederacy and one of three to die, within months of each other, in 1864. 

There were no signs of the coming sacrifice when the Columbus Guards – who fired a small brass cannon for salutes -- traveled to Montgomery, Ala., in February 1861 for the inauguration of Confederate President Jefferson Davis.

Banks wore this jacket in Montgomery and during the Guards’ departure from Columbus to join the Confederate army.

“It’s quite striking in the gallery, where it rotates with Confederate Col. Peyton Colquitt’s gray coat,” Rebecca Bush, curator of history and exhibitions manager at the museum, told me several years ago.

Banks identified his jacket by writing ‘Wat. Banks’ and ‘1861’ on the coat’s interior lining, notations which are still clearly visible.

Six original buttons remain, the rest were likely cut as mementos for the family after he was killed near Atlanta in 1864. New buttons were cast. They bear the initials “CG” and an eagle.

The buttons have drawn scholarly interest, as they have never been identified on any other militia or federal uniform, despite extensive research, according to the museum.

Bush told me this week the Banks jacket has been on view since late May and will remain out for about a year.

“Most of the jacket is made of Melton cloth (or Melton wool) with white cotton lining and, of course, the brass buttons,” she said in an email. “We do not have one known maker for the jackets. In December 1861, a notice appeared in the local newspapers that ‘the goods for the uniforms’ of the Guards had arrived at the store of Ellis & Livingston, with instructions that family members should pick up ‘the goods, have the suits made and returned for packing.’ I suppose it’s possible that a similar home manufacture model was used before the war as well.”

Watkins paid a substitue, but returned to service

John and Sarah Banks, both from Elbert County, Ga., came to Columbus in the 1830s. They built The Cedars in 1836.

John Banks was a successful businessman and lawyer who owned plantations in Georgia and Alabama and about 200 enslaved people.

Photo of The Cedars in Columbus by David Seibert, HMdb.org

Columbus attorney John Sheftall, who lives in the Banks family home called The Cedars, said the couple had nine sons and three daughters. One of them, Josephine, is his great-great grandmother. (Watkins Banks is his great-great-great uncle.) Sheftall said his children are the eighth generation to live at the stately home.

Only two of the Banks boys did not serve with the Confederacy (all nine are buried in the Banks family lot at Linwood Cemetery in Columbus.)

According to one history, Watkins Banks and about 135 others joined Company G of the 2nd Georgia Volunteer Infantry when the war broke out. The unit wore the red jacket for a few months before receiving their new issue of gray. The regiment, which served in Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia, had its most famous moment at Antietam, where it held the heights above Burnside’s Bridge with the 20^th Georgia.

Sheftall said Banks fought in Virginia, returned home and at some point joined Nelson’s Rangers with a brother.

In 1863, the bachelor paid for a substitute, lived in Columbus and then returned to service during the Atlanta Campaign. The private was killed during a skirmish on Aug. 11, 1864, outside Atlanta. He was 31.

An obituary in the Columbus Sun newspaper (right) said Watkins had a “lofty sense of honor.”

“A brother, Lt. Eugene Banks, as noble hearted a young man as ever lived, was killed in May, at Resaca, another Capt. Willis Banks, fell at Atlanta the latter part of July – three brothers killed in three months – and all young men of the finest mould. Is it not folly to speak of reconstruction or affiliation with a hated foe who thus daily is robbing the South of her noblest sons?”

Eugene and Willis Banks – also unmarried -- served with the 39^th Alabama Infantry.

A funeral for the three siblings was held Aug. 14, 1864, at St. Luke Methodist Church in Columbus.

After the Battle of Columbus in April 1865, which saw the city fall to Union forces, a potion of occupying troops camped for a few days east of The Cedars, Sheftall wrote in an email this week.

"There was one particular marauding party of soldiers who came to the house, took away lots of supplies, food, and livestock, ransacked things inside to some extent, stole some silver, and insulted John Banks, who was by that time partially paralyzed and sitting on the front porch while all of this was going on.

"(None of the sons were there, four already being dead, only John and Sarah and their three daughters, plus the slaves.) When one soldier insulted John Banks and knocked his hat off, daughter Lucy blessed them out and they left.  Subsequently, her mother, Sarah Watkins Banks, paid a call on the commanding officer at the nearby camp, and he agreed to post a guard at The Cedars, which resolved things until the Union forces left and moved east toward Macon."

The end of the war brought an end to slavery and John Banks wrote about that in an autobiography. (HMdb.org photo, left; click to enlarge)

Sheftall said about 27 enslaved people had been at The Cedars. Others worked at a plantation south of Columbus on the Chattahoochee River and at three locations in Russell and Macon counties in Alabama.

Some of the formerly enslaved stayed on with the family as laborers.

Family papers are at the University of Georgia

The Columbus Museum acquired the red jacket from Sheftall through a partial gift and purchase in 2012.

The letters CG are part of the brass buttons on the Watkins Banks' jacket (Courtesy Columbus Museum)

“After acquisition, the Museum sent the jacket to the Williamstown Art Conservation Center in Massachusetts for stabilization and restoration. This process included the insertion of a red cotton interlayer to disguise losses in the original red wool, as well as the casting of replacement buttons,” says a page about the garment.

The University of Georgia Libraries has a John Banks papers collection, including his autobiography, at the Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library in Athens, Ga. The collection includes letters from Watkins during the Civil War.

Sheftall has an ambrotype (top of this post) showing Watkins Banks on the left with his first cousin, Willis Banks Butt.

“He was the son of Moses Butt and Priscilla Banks, sister to John Banks, said Sheftall. “Willis survived the Civil War, married Julia Treutlen of Eufaula, and settled there.They both lived a reasonably long life but had no children.”

Willis Butt died in 1899 at age 59.