Opening of Palmetto Guard flag mount (left) and removal of a Fort Sumter flag (NPS photos) |
Such was the
case in mid-September when Ennes and other experts within the agency, working
with contractors and professional art movers, painstakingly took three famous Fort
Sumter flags off-exhibit for a much-needed rest from damaging light.
They worked
with several variables smack dab in the middle of hurricane season. Two of the
flags have been on display at the fort in Charleston’s Harbor, and getting them
safely off the artificial island was part of a rather complex operation. None of the team
members had previously handled the flags – they had been on display for nearly
30 years.
“The objects were immensely iconic and irreplaceable. We
wanted this to go well. We had to go over by boat, dependent on weather,
dependent on tides,” Ennes told the Picket. “You sweat out hurricane season.”
The gloved team over three days was able to de-install, roll
and crate the fragile flags without causing damage.
US storm flag, top, garrison flag, lower left, Palmetto Guard (NPS) |
Fiercer hurricanes resulting from climate change, mixed with
the challenges of moisture, humidity and storm surge in the Carolinas, make the
museum on Fort Sumter a high-risk location for the flags, Ennes says. And a
stable environment requires near-infallible air conditioning.
“You don’t want to deal with evacuating precious objects with
a storm looming,” she said, adding it’s not her decision to make.
The Picket asked Brett Spaulding, chief of interpretation for Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie National Historical Park, about the fate of the flags, given risk
factors raised by conservators.
“At this time there has not
been a decision made as to where the future home of the flags will be,”
Spaulding wrote in an email last autumn. “Before they are put back on display,
we will take into consideration many of the points that you identified and
other considerations.”
Workers prepare to remove garrison flag from flat case (NPS photo) |
In a November Facebook
post, the park provided a brief update, saying: “Textiles should not be on
display for long periods of time due to humidity fluctuations and light damage.”
The
storm and Palmetto Guard flags had been on exhibit at the Fort Sumter museum on
the island in the harbor. The massive and brittle garrison flag, only a small
portion visible, was at the Fort Sumter Visitor Center at Liberty Square in
downtown Charleston.
These flags tell an important story
The three flags are powerful symbols of a nation torn apart and brought back
together. Gunfire wasn’t their only enemy: high winds, saltwater spray,
humidity and light took a toll. All underwent conservation before they went on
display, but that was many years ago.
The flags are among the most famous of the Civil War. The 33-star U.S. garrison flag flew over the fort until it sustained wind damage on April 11, 1861, hours before Rebel artillery effectively began the Civil War. Its smaller and sturdier successor, the storm flag, flew during the 34 hours of the attack.
The garrison flag in Charleston rests in a special case (NPS photo) |
The
Palmetto Guard flag was the first Confederate flag to fly over the fort after
the departure of the US Army on April 14, 1861.
As
victorious Confederates entered Fort Sumter, John Styles Bird Jr., a private in
the South Carolina militia unit known as the Palmetto Guard, placed his unit's
flag on the parapet facing Charleston. The fort
remained in Confederate hands for the next four years until evacuation in
February 1865.
Returned flag flies above the fort on April 14, 1865 (Library of Congress) |
Tensions were high in the months before South
Carolina and other Southern states seceded from the Union.
According to a December 1860 article in The New
York Times, Mills “on
being politely questioned on the subject of his flag, yesterday, told a
gentleman, with more emphasis than civility, that if anybody dared to go on
board of his vessel, and attempt to haul it down, "he was a dead man -- a
corpse!"
You don't hurry this kind of work
All three of
the flags have been kept in climatically controlled cases. They were protected
by cellulostic materials to maintain preferred humidity. “You create the environment you want it to
be in,” Ennes said. “They were dimly lit. The lighting wasn’t horrible at
either place.”
Still, even small amounts of UV light fade and deteriorate
textiles.
The NPS team
decided to tackle the smaller Palmetto Guard first, before the U.S. storm flag.
A large portion of the flag is missing and it was encapsulated years ago to
mimic its original footprint. “It is very sheer,” said Ennes.
Some members of the team in front of the storm flag at Fort Sumter (NPS photo) |
The storm
flag was stable but fragile, said Ennes, adding both flags were in fairly good
shape but will need new mounts once they are back in public view. “Hopefully, they will go back on display
after a long time in dark storage.”
Back on land, the garrison flag lies flat below a huge
reproduction flag at the Fort Sumter Visitor Center at Liberty Square. Only a
portion of the real flag is visible to visitors.
Conservators
found it to be in a very delicate situation. “The threads and yarns are brittle and want to break when
moved,” according to Ennes. “It was in worse shape than we imagined.”
“The garrison flag needs a little treatment before it goes on
display. It would need some work at my lab,” she said, adding it can go back in
the same case. For now, it is in a 26-foot storage tube.
A view of the mechanism that supports the rolled up garrison flag (NPS photo) |
Even though
no decision has been made on where the flags will be, “Wherever
they go on display a working system is required," he said.
Ennes said
the flags removal was a successful – the result of working slowly, patiently
and carefully. The payoff comes with knowing artifacts will continue to tell a
story.
“I am always amazed by the craftsmanship on all the things I work
with.”
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